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The gender continuum is an extension of the gender spectrum to include additional gender identities. The traditional gender spectrum (itself an extension of the limiting gender binary) is linear (1-D), from 100% male to 100% female, with various states of androgyny in between. A continuum is multidimensional, allowing third gender, fourth gender, fifth gender, agender or genderless, as well as many other possibilities and combinations, thus much more accurately reflecting the true diversity of human genders. One benefit of viewing gender as a continuum, rather than a spectrum, is that we have a less structured mold to fit into when it comes to our sexual identity. The continuum approach to gender identity gives a person much more personal freedom in which to express themselves. Because of the rigidity of the gender binary system, young men and women have become confined within the social parameters of their demographic. ''Gender is probably the most restricting force in American life, whether the question is who must be in the kitchen or who could be in the White House. This country is way down the list of countries electing women and, according to one study, it polarizes gender roles more than the average democracy…. Black men were given the vote a half-century before women of any race were allowed to mark a ballot, and generally have ascended to positions of power, from the military to the boardroom, before any women. – Gloria Steinem'' Theories of gender stratification cover a landscape of theories and conditions, from micro situations to wide–ranging historical comparisons. the explanatory focus has included infancy, reproductive technologies, kinship organization, healthcare, cultural ideologies, eroticism, violence, and the gender division of labor.〔Toward an Integrated Theory of Gender Stratification Randall Collins, Janet Saltzman Chafetz, Rae Lesser Blumberg, Scott Coltrane and Jonathan H. Turner Sociological Perspectives , Vol. 36, No. 3 (Autumn, 1993), pp. 185-216 〕 Most Psychologists conceptualize masculinity and femininity as two separate, orthogonal dimensions, coexisting in varying degrees in an individual 〔Reexamining Masculinity, Femininity, and Gender Identity Scales Kay M. Palan, Charles S. Areni and Pamela Kiecker Marketing Letters , Vol. 10, No. 4 (Nov., 1999), pp. 363-377 〕 Postmodern theorists in three disciplinary traditions—sociology, psychology, and gender studies—are among contemporary scholars who have moved away from dualistic models of sex and gender (e.g., males vs. females, masculine vs. feminine).〔Toward a Dialectical Model of Family Gender Discourse: Body, Identity, and Sexuality Libby Balter Blume and Thomas W. Blume Journal of Marriage and Family , Vol. 65, No. 4 (Nov., 2003), pp. 785-794 〕 ---- "Gender is all around us. It is actually taught to us, from the moment we are born. Gender expectations and messages bombard us constantly. Upbringing, culture, peers, community, media, and religion, are some of the many influences that shape our understanding of this core aspect of identity. How you learned and interacted with gender as a young child directly influences how you view the world today. Gendered interaction between parent and child begin as soon as the sex of the baby is known. In short, gender is a socially constructed concept." http://www.genderspectrum.org ---- Strategies for Change Stephanie Knaak shows us four strategies that we can use to re-conceptualize gender, which will help us shed our ideas of the "two party" gender system we currently have. * "The first strategy involves shifting from a biological foundationalist paradigm of gender to a social constructionist one, and is the precondition upon which the other * "Second, research designs must address gender as multilayered and multivariable, not as a single, simple attribute." * "Third, more attention needs to be given to gender as active and as an outcome of social forces." * "Fourth is the suggestion to reconfigure the standard gender variable to one reflecting a continuum of positions." ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gender continuum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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